Rainy day:
Nature has blessed us too many gifts not for joy or
enjoyment but also essential parts of our life according to Keats.
“Nature has blessed us source of joy and beauty and a beauty is a thing forever”.
On such gift is rain. Rain is natural source of
water. It purifier our atmosphere. Sometimes the clouds appear after a
lot of prayers and this happens in the month of June and July. In June
the day was hot. Everyone wanted to seek shelter in a cool place but it
was not possible due to burning heat of the sun. Even cattle are seemed
seen nearly dead suddenly, the wind was moving at a day, which was very
hot and close. Every one prayed for rain and God took mercy on his
creature and the sky was over-caste with rainy clouds. The clouds
flashed and thundered. It rained heavily for two or three hours. The
water poured down from spouts.
I saw this beautiful scene through the window of my room. When I saw
this view, I remembered the might lines of “H.W. long fellow”.
“How beautiful is the rain!
After the dust and heat,
In the broad and fiery street,
In the narrow lane,
How beautiful is the rain!”
That was the happiest day especially for the children as well as young people who found a better chance to play.
They floating paper boats and enjoyed and laughed on those who were
slipped on the roads. After an hour or two, the air becomes cool and
pleasant. The trees looked fresh and green. A rainbow appeared in the
sky adding to the beauty of nature. Rainy day is considered to be the
real blessing of God. It is totally different in the west where the poet
says.
“Rain, rain goes away,
Come again some other day,
Little Jony wants to play”
Showing posts with label Essays english. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Essays english. Show all posts
Wednesday, 3 August 2016
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FSc Notes Biology Part 2 Chapter 23 Biotechnology Short Questions
Q 1. What is the use of genetically engineered bacteria?
Ans. Genetically engineered bacteria have been used to clean up environmental pollutants, increase the fertility of soil and kill insect pests.
Q 2. What are the restrictions enzymes?
Ans. There are natural enzymes of bacteria, which they use for their own protection against viruses. They are called restriction enzymes because they restrict the growth of enzyme.
Q 3. Why transgenic animals are cloned?
Ans. Transgenic animals are cloned in order to obtain the product in large quantity.
Q 4. Which enzyme is Taq polymerase?
Ans. DNA polymerase used is temperature - insensitive (thermostable) extracted from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which lives in hot springs. Commonly, this enzyme is known as Taq polymerase.
Q 5. How transgenic animals are developed?
Ans. Techniques have been developed to insert genes into the eggs of animals. It is possible to micro inject foreign genes into eggs by hand, but another method uses vortex mixing. The eggs are placed in an agitator with DNA and silicon - carbide needles, and the needles make tiny holes through which the DNA can enter. When these eggs are fertilized, the resulting offsprings are transgenic animals.
Q 6. From which animal, antithrombin III is produced?
Ans. Antithrombin III, for preventing blood clot during surgery, is currently being produced by a herd of goats, and clinical trials have begun.
Q 7. How many methods are used for gene therapy? Name Them?
Ans. There are two main methods used for gene therapy:
i) Ex-vivo. ii) In-vivo.
Q 8. How transgenic animals that secrete a product are often cloned?
Ans. After enucleated eggs have been injected with 2n nuclei of adult cells, they can be coaxed (persuaded or induced gradually) to begin development. The offspring have the genotype and phenotype of the adult that donated the nuclei; therefore, the adult has been cloned.
Q 9. What is Dolly?
Ans. In 1997, scientists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland produced a cloned sheep called Dolly.
Q 10. When recombinant DNA technology is used and when PCR?
Ans. Recombinant DNA technology is sued when a very large quantity of a gene is required. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to create a lesser number of copies within a laboratory test tube.
Q 11. How genes can be isolated from chromosomes?
Ans. Genes can be isolated from the chromosomes by cutting the chromosomes on the flanking sites of the gene using special enzymes known as restriction endonucleases.
Q 12. What is complementary DNA?
Ans. The gene of choice can also be synthesized in the laboratory from messenger RNA, using reverse transcriptase. This DNA molecule is called complementary DNA (cDNA).
Q 13. What are Palindromic sequences?
Ans. Bacteria produces a variety of such restriction enzymes, which cut the DNA at very specific sites characterized by specific sequence of four to six nucleotides arranged symmetrically in the reverse order. such sequences are known as palindromic sequences.
Q 14. What are Sticky ends?
Ans. The single stranded but complementary ends of the two DNA molecules are called "sticky ends" because they can bind by complementary base pairing.
Q 15. What is vector?
Ans. A vector is the means by which recombinant DNA is introduced into a host cell. One common type of vector is a plasmid.
Q 16. What are plasmids?
Ans. Plasmids are natural extra chromosomal circular DNA molecules which carry genes for antibiotic resistance and fertility etc. One of the plasmids discovered earlier PSC 101 has antibiotic resistance gene for tetracycline, whereas PSR 322 has antibiotic resistance genes for tetracycline as well as ampicillin.
Q 17. What is the use of DNA ligase?
Ans. The gene of interest (insulin) is the joined with the sticky ends produced after cutting the plasmid with the help of another special enzyme known as DNA ligase. This enzymes seals the foreign piece of DNA into the vector.
Q 18. What is recombinant DNA or chimaeric DNA?
Ans. When the two different pieces of DNA have been jointed together, it is known as recombinant DNA or chimaeric DNA.
Q 19. What is clone?
Ans. A clone can be a large number of molecules (i.e. cloned genes) or cell (i.e. cloned bacteria) or organisms that are identical to an original specimen.
Q 20. What is a genome and genomic library?
Ans. A genome is a full set of genes of an individual. A genomic library is a collection of bacterial or bactriophage clones, each clone containing a particular segment of DNA from the source cell.
Q 21. What is probe?
Ans. A probe is a single stranded nucleotide sequence that will hybridize (pair) into a certain piece of DNA.
Q 22. What is the polymerase chain reaction or PCR?
Ans. The PCR is used to create millions of copies of a single gene or any specific piece of DNA quickly in a test tube. Kary B. Mullis developed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1983.
Q 23. Where from PCR took its name? Why is called chain reaction?
Ans. PCR takes its name from DNA polymerase, the enzyme that carries out DNA replication in a cell. It is considered a chain reaction because DNA polymerase will carry out replication over and over again, until there are millions of copies of the desired DNA.
Q 24. What is DNA Finger printing?
Ans. DNA Finger printing is a method of identification that compares fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Q 25. What is gel-electrophoresis?
Ans. It is the process by which the fragments of DNA can be separated according to their lengths, and the result is a number of bands that are so close together that they appear as a smear. However, the use of probes for genetic markers produces a distinctive pattern that can be recorded on x-ray film.
Q 26. What is gene sequencing?
Ans. In DNA or gene sequencing, scientists create many copies of a single-stranded DNA fragment that will be used to synthesize a new DNA strand. Then these will be used to determine sequence of nucleotides.
Q 27. What are various methods of gene or DNA sequencing?
Ans. 1. Snager' method. 2. Maxam-Gilbert method.
Q 28. What is Sanger's method?
Ans. In this method dideoxy ribonuleoside triphosphates are used to terminate into DNA synthesis at different sites.
Q 29. What is Maxam-Gilbert method?
Ans. In this method DNA threads are chemically cut into pieces of different sizes.
Q 30. What is the use of dideoxy method?
Ans. In order to separate DNA pieces of different sizes on gel, dideoxy method is used.
Q 31. Name different organisms and organelles whose genomes have been sequenced?
Ans. It includes plant chloroplasts and animal mitochondria, large numbers of bacteria, many of the yeasts, a nematode worm, Drosophila, the model plant Arabidopsis, the mouse and human.
Q 32. What is the purpose of primary goal of Human Genome Project?
Ans. The Human Genome Project is massive effort to map the human chromosomes. The genes along the length of each type of chromosome are sequenced and then base pairs are found.
Q 33. What are biotechnology?
Ans. The products produced by genetically engineered organisms are called biotechnology products. Today bacteria, plants and animals are genetically engineered to produced biotechnology products.
Q 34. What are transgenic organisms?
Ans. Organisms that have had a foreign gene inserted into them are called transgenic organisms.
Q 35. What are bioreactors?
Ans. Bioreactors are large vats in which bacteria reproduce when recombinant DNA technology is used to produce them.
Q 36. Name some biotechnology product produced by bacteria?
Ans. Biotechnology products produced by bacteria, such as insulin, human growth hormone, produced by bacteria, such as insulin, human growth hormone, tissue plasminogen activator, haemophilia factor VIII, and hepatitis are now in the market.
Q 37. What are Biofilters?
Ans. The transgenic organisms used to prevent airborne chemical pollutants from being released into the air are said to be biofilters. For example use of such bacteria in industry.
Q 38. What are protoplasts?
Ans. The plant cells that have had the cell wall removed are called protoplasts.
Q 39. Give two advantages of transgenic plants?
Ans. i) Resistant to pests and herbicides.
ii) Improvement of dietary contents.
Q 40. Give two advantages of transgenic plants?
Ans. i) Bovine growth hormone.
ii) Producing larger animals.
Q 41. Define gene therapy?
Ans. Gene therapy is the insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of a disorder.
Q 42. What is Ex-vivo gene therapy?
Ans. In ex-vivo gene therapy, normal gene is give to certain cells of the patient, outside the body of the patient and then these cells are returned to the patient.
Q 43. What is the method of ex-vivo gone therapy?
Ans. Bone marrow stem cells are removed from the blood and infected with retrovirus (RNA virus) that carries a normal gene for the enzyme then the cells are returned to the patient.
Q 44. What is in-vivo gene therapy?
Ans. In in-vivo gene therapy, patients are directly given normal genes in one way or the other.
Q 45. What is familial hypercholesterrolemia?
Ans. It is a condition that develops when liver cells lack a receptor for removing cholesterol from the blood. The high levels of blood cholesterol make the patient subject to fatal heart attack at a young age.
Q 46. What is Cystic fibrosis?
Ans. Cystic fibrosis patients lack a gene that codes for trans-membrane carrier of the chloride ion. Patients often die due to numerous infections of the respiratory tract.
Q 47. How gene therapy has been used for the treatment of cancer?
Ans. In clinical trials researchers have given genes to cancer patient that either make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy or make tumours more vulnerable to it. Once the bone marrow stem cells were protected it was possible to increase the level of chemotherapy to kill the cancer cells.
Q 48. How gene therapy has been used for the treatment of coronary artery angioplasty?
Ans. The balloon catheter is coated with a plasmid that contains a gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. The expression of the gene. Which promotes the proliferation of blood vessels to bypass the obstructed area, has been observed in at least one patient.
Q 49. What is tissue culture?
Ans. Tissue culture is the growth of a tissue in an artificial liquid culture medium.
Q 50. Plant cells are said to be totipotent. What do you mean by this?
Ans. Plant cells are totipotent which means that each cell has the full genetic potential of the organism and therefore a single cell could become a complete plant.
Q 51. What is Micro-propagation?
Ans. Tissue culture techniques have by now led to micro-propagation, a commercial method of producing thousands, even millions of identical seedlings in limited amount of space.
Q 52. What is Meristem culture?
Ans. It is used to accomplish micro-propagation. If the correct proportions of auxins and cytokinin are added to a liquid medium, many new shoots will develop from a single shoot tip. when these are removed more shoots form which are genetically identical.
Q 53. What are clonal plants?
Ans. The shoots which develop by meristem culture are genetically identical the adult plants that develop from them are called clonal plants because all have the same traits.
Q 54. What are somaclonal variations?
Ans. Plants generated from the somatic embryos vary somewhat because of mutations that arise during the production process. These variations are called somaclonal variations.
Q 55. What is Anther culture technique?
Ans. In this technique mature anthers are cultured in a medium containing vitamins and growth regulators.
Q 56. What is cell suspension culture technique?
Ans. In this technique, first of all rapidly growing cultures are cut into small pieces and shaken in a liquid nutrient medium so that single cells or small clumps of cells break off and form a suspension. These cells will produce the same chemicals as the entire plant.
Q 57. Define hybridization. What was its use?
Ans. Hybridization is the crossing of different varieties of plants or even species. It was used to produce plants or even species. It was used to produce plants with desirable traits. Hybridization, followed by vegetative propagation of the mature plants, generated a large number of identical plants with these traits.
Q 58. What is luciferase and luciferin?
Ans. The luciferase is firefly enzyme whose gene was inserted into tobacco protoplast and the adult plants glowed when sprayed with the substrate luciferin.
Q 59. What is Agrobacterium?
Ans. Foreign DNA is inserted into the plasmid of the bacterium, Agrobacterium; which normally infects the plant cells.
Q 60. What is particle gun?
Ans. In 1987, John C Sanford and Theodore M. Klein developed a method of introducing DNA into a plant tissue - culture callus. They constructed a device, called the particle gun that bombards a callus with DNA - coated microscopic metal particles. Then genetically altered somatic embryos develop into genetically adult plants.
Q 61. Name some plants which have been made resistant to insect predation and herbicides?
Ans. Cotton, corn, potato and soybean plants.
Q 62. What is Arabidopsis?
Ans. Arabidopsis is salt tolerant plant which have been developed by genetic engineers.
Q 63. Why a team of Japanese scientists are working on introducing the C4 photosynthetic cycle into rice?
Ans. It is because C4 plants do well in hot dry weathe
Fsc Ics Fa Essay My favourite Poet
My Favorite Poet
“Iqbal was a remarkable poet of worldwide fame and his work will live forever. His services to his country and the Muslims are so numerous that his record can be compared with that of the greatest Indian that ever lived”. (Muhammad Ali Jinnah)
Allama Iqbal is our national poet. He was born at Sialkot on November 9, 1877. He belonged to a respectable Kashmiri family. One of his forefathers left Kashmir and settled in Sialkot. His father Sheikh Nur Muhammad was a very pious and religious man. Allama Iqbal inherited mysticism and deep love of his religion from his parents.
Allama Iqbal received his early education from Mission High School, Sialkot and passed Intermediate examination from Murray College. His teacher Molvi Syed Mir Hassan was one of the most learned and pious man of his time. Iqbal had the good fortune of studying Arabic, Persian and lslamiat under the inspiring guidance of his teacher. In one of his poems, he applauded the love affection and care of his teacher bestowed upon him. Then he went to Lahore and passed his M.A examination from Government College, Lahore. He joined the teaching staff of the Govt. College Lahore and served there for some time.
In 1905, he went to Europe for higher studies in Philosophy and Law. He did his Ph.D. in Philosophy from Germany and Bar at-Law from London. He served as a professor of Arabic in London University for six months. His stay in Europe was of great importance. He was not impressed by the Western civilization. He disliked the Western civilization. That is why he criticized it in his poetry. His hatred is quite prominent in his poems. He also predicted that the materialistic civilization of the West is to lead them only towards destruction.
When he returned home, he started law practice in the Lahore High Court. But he was more interested in poetry than law. Most of his time, he devoted to poetry philosophy and religion. He aroused the Muslims through the message of his poetry. In fact, he had great love and sympathy for the Muslims of India. He wanted to help them. He wrote many poems. He asked the Muslims of the whole world to unite.
Iqbal presided over the Allahabad Session of the All-India Muslim League in 1930. Here, he gave us the idea of Pakistan. He said that the only solution of the problems of the Indian Muslims was a separate Muslim State. He preached that slavery was greatest curse. The Muslims should break the chains of slavery. He pointed out the main causes of the degradation and humiliation of the Muslims in his poems "Shikwa" and "Jawab-e-Shikwa".
Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a great poet of Urdu and Persian. He was an inspired and creative poet. He dreamt of a separate homeland for the Muslims of the Sub-Continent. But he could not live long to see his dream materialize in the shape of Pakistan in 1947. He died on the 21st April, 1938. His death was a great loss for the Muslims. He was buried, near the gate of Shahi Masjid. Lahore. Every year Iqbal Day is celebrated to pay him homage. May his soul rest in peace.
He wrote many books such as Bangi-e-Dara, Bal-e-Jabreel, Zarb-e-Kalim, Israr-e-Khudi,
Ramuz-e-Bekhudi, Javaid Nama, etc.
“Iqbal was a remarkable poet of worldwide fame and his work will live forever. His services to his country and the Muslims are so numerous that his record can be compared with that of the greatest Indian that ever lived”. (Muhammad Ali Jinnah)
Allama Iqbal is our national poet. He was born at Sialkot on November 9, 1877. He belonged to a respectable Kashmiri family. One of his forefathers left Kashmir and settled in Sialkot. His father Sheikh Nur Muhammad was a very pious and religious man. Allama Iqbal inherited mysticism and deep love of his religion from his parents.
Allama Iqbal received his early education from Mission High School, Sialkot and passed Intermediate examination from Murray College. His teacher Molvi Syed Mir Hassan was one of the most learned and pious man of his time. Iqbal had the good fortune of studying Arabic, Persian and lslamiat under the inspiring guidance of his teacher. In one of his poems, he applauded the love affection and care of his teacher bestowed upon him. Then he went to Lahore and passed his M.A examination from Government College, Lahore. He joined the teaching staff of the Govt. College Lahore and served there for some time.
In 1905, he went to Europe for higher studies in Philosophy and Law. He did his Ph.D. in Philosophy from Germany and Bar at-Law from London. He served as a professor of Arabic in London University for six months. His stay in Europe was of great importance. He was not impressed by the Western civilization. He disliked the Western civilization. That is why he criticized it in his poetry. His hatred is quite prominent in his poems. He also predicted that the materialistic civilization of the West is to lead them only towards destruction.
When he returned home, he started law practice in the Lahore High Court. But he was more interested in poetry than law. Most of his time, he devoted to poetry philosophy and religion. He aroused the Muslims through the message of his poetry. In fact, he had great love and sympathy for the Muslims of India. He wanted to help them. He wrote many poems. He asked the Muslims of the whole world to unite.
Iqbal presided over the Allahabad Session of the All-India Muslim League in 1930. Here, he gave us the idea of Pakistan. He said that the only solution of the problems of the Indian Muslims was a separate Muslim State. He preached that slavery was greatest curse. The Muslims should break the chains of slavery. He pointed out the main causes of the degradation and humiliation of the Muslims in his poems "Shikwa" and "Jawab-e-Shikwa".
Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a great poet of Urdu and Persian. He was an inspired and creative poet. He dreamt of a separate homeland for the Muslims of the Sub-Continent. But he could not live long to see his dream materialize in the shape of Pakistan in 1947. He died on the 21st April, 1938. His death was a great loss for the Muslims. He was buried, near the gate of Shahi Masjid. Lahore. Every year Iqbal Day is celebrated to pay him homage. May his soul rest in peace.
He wrote many books such as Bangi-e-Dara, Bal-e-Jabreel, Zarb-e-Kalim, Israr-e-Khudi,
Ramuz-e-Bekhudi, Javaid Nama, etc.
true Muslim Essay
A True Muslim
“A true Muslim is one who does not defame or abuses others; but a truly righteous becomes a refuge for mankind, their lives and their properties”. Muhammad (P.B.U.H)To be a good Muslim is indeed, a great blessing of Allah. The follower of Islam is called a Muslim. A true Muslim has a firm belief in Allah and His last Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). He believes that Allah is the light of heaven and earth. It is his faith that Allah is the Creator of everything in the universe and is the Lord of the Day of Judgment. He believes that Allah is aware of his doing and actions. He avoids evil actions because he knows that he will be held answerable for his deeds. He fears only from Allah and does not do anything wrong. It is his belief that Allah is Omnipresent and Omnipotent.
A true Muslim leads a simple and pure life. He earns his livelihood through honest means and is contented with it. He controls his desires. He does not beg for things. He does not bring down his self-respect. He spends his life according to the teachings of Islam.
“Do not show the face of Islam to others; instead show your face as the followers of true Islam representing character, knowledge, tolerance and piety”. (Syed Ahmad Khan)
He always bows his head before Allah in all the matters of his life. He reads the Holy Quran and feels a great joy. He gives alms to the poor. He is good at heart, true to his word and Honest in the performance of his duties. He is not afraid of anything except Allah and does what is right. He offers prayers regularly, keeps fast, gives Zakat and performs Hajj. He believes in the Day of Judgment and the life hereafter.
A true Muslim has regard for his neighbor. He never does anything that goes against their interests. He respects their rights. He shares their joys and sorrows. He is interested in their welfare and happiness. He does his best to help them wherever he can. He is always prepared to sacrifice his own interests for the sake of his neighbor. He is well-behaved. He is graceful in everything that he does. He tries to be sweet to others. He is not selfish. As far as possible he helps his neighbor in the time of need. He is not petty-minded. If he does a good turn to one of his neighbor, he never shows it off. He never mentions it. He does his good turn and forgets it altogether.
“I lead no party; I follow no leader. I have given the best part of my life to careful study of Islam, its law and polity, its culture, its history and its literature”. (Muhammad Iqbal)
A true Muslim seeks knowledge and acts upon it. He leads a life of diligence, discipline and deep study. He educates his children well and develops them into good citizens. He tries to create a healthy atmosphere in his family. He is always respectful to the elder and kind to the younger. He solves his problems in a very intelligent manner. He tries his best to understand what is happening in the country. He is clean and pure in thought and deeds. There is no difference between his actions and preaching. He is fearless and courageous. He always speaks the truth. He does his duty honestly.
A true Muslim takes great care of the rights of his fellow beings. He does not deceive others. He always speaks gently and politely. He is sincere, true and kind at heart. He wins to the hearts of others by his good dealings. He always fulfills his promise. He is optimist by nature and never worries himself over trifles. He is a man of rare qualities of head and heart. He is a symbol of integrity and honesty. Even his worst enemies admit that he is not purchasable. He is reliable, lovable and sociable. He guides and directs his fellow beings to do the right. Consideration for others is the main aim of his life. In short, he proves himself to be what a true Muslim should be.
Fsc Ics Fa essay My last day at School
My Last Day at School
Tears trickle down my cheeks as I remember my last day in my school. It was the day of parting and parting in life is painful. It was the last chapter of the glorious book of my student life. I had been a student in my school for ten years. It was a golden period of my life. But the golden period passed away like a happy dream.
The 15th of February, 1964, was my last day at school. It was a day of mixed joy and sorrow. We were happy because we were going to be free from the strict discipline of the school. We were sad because we were going to part from our teachers and friends.
On that day were given preparatory holidays. No teaching work was done. Our class teachers came as usual to our class. They laid great stress on the importance of revising papers. “It is easier,” said they, “to satisfy the examiner with a few lines written correctly and well, than with pages full of mistakes.”
They also advised us not to be nervous but take the examination with courage. The Headmaster assured us that even during the preparatory holidays we could get our difficulties removed if we wanted to.
The ninth class students had arranged a farewell party on the eve of our departure. We all assembled in the hall. We were served with sweets and tea. Songs were sung and speeches suited to the occasion were made.
The Monitor of the Ninth Class read out the farewell address which was so touching. He referred to our good behaviour and the splendid role played by us in making the school so popular. He sincerely prayed to God for our success in the Board examination.
After this our worthy Headmaster and teachers showered their blessings on us and addressed a few words of wisdom and advice. Those words are still ringing in my ears. One of our friends sang a farewell song which moved everyone to tears.
On behalf of my class I thanked the ninth class friends for the sumptuous party they had given and the fine words they had spoken. I heartily thanked the Headmaster and the teachers for their keen interest in and parental love for us. The occasion was so touching that I could not help shedding tears.
Then we were photographed along with the Headmaster and the teachers. We bade good-bye to one another. Our throats were too choked to utter a word.
Gloom reigned in the school. I took leave of my teachers, asked for their blessings and started for home. My feet faltered. I left the gate, but the school building, seemed to beckon to me.
I threw back a wistful glance. I then consoled myself. I thought I should visit this seat of light and learning once a year. I should pay back my debt to the school by helping it with money.
Days have rolled by since I left the school. Whenever I sit in an idle and thoughtful mood the whole picture of my school is raised before me. I bend my head of respect of my school. Can I ever forget my school? No, never.
Fsc Ics Fa essay My village/Village Life
Village Life
City and village life both have its own attractions and pleasures. Life in a village may seem tough but it still has its unique charms. Villages are full of natural beauty; Lush green fields, vast plains, flowing streams are seen everywhere. Mother Nature claims, everything. The atmosphere is clean and fresh. There is no contamination and no harmful gases in the air. Thus, life is more peaceful and healthier in villages.
Man's heart away from nature becomes hard.
Pakistan is predominantly a land of villages. A major proportion of Pakistani population resides in villages because agriculture is the main occupation of our people.
A Pakistani village reflects the real picture of Pakistan. A Pakistani village is the very epitome of Pakistani culture and tradition. The village life is made up of farm houses, mud houses, uneven dirt lanes and ponds. Numerous Orchards and gardens of different fruits are found in the village. The streets are usually narrow and made up of dirt. There is fresh and pure food available in the villages which are free from all kinds of impurities.
Villagers lead a simple contended and happy life. They get to eat pure, simple but a healthy diet. They live a happiness of their fellows. The boy who cried wolf and the villages came out to help him
Women, in the villages spend their spare time doing embroidery, decorating their houses, making marvelous handicrafts which entertain them and also provide financial support. There is a temporary school in the village where only a single teacher teaches all the classes. The children sit on the jute mats under the open sky.
The beauty of nature can easily be seen and felt. The day begins with chirping of the birds and with the musical sound of morning wind. Rainy season is the most pleasant. The whole atmosphere looks clear and brilliant. Summer and winter have their own marvels. There is a season of sowing and harvesting crops in which there is a great hustle and bustle. Fairs, festivals and marriages are the special occasions for rejoicing and merry-making. Happiness is what you make it.
"Nothing is good or bad but thinking makes it so"
They spend a lot of time in the fields as their major profession is agriculture. They remain busy in their healthy occupations. In the evening, they sit in the chop pal and talk about different local matters. The farmers take rest during their leisure time under the shady trees. They work from dawn to dusk and earn an honest living.
"Honesty is the best policy. If I lose my honor I lose myself."
In villages "choppal" is the meeting place where elderly people meet in the evening to have their conversation about the local problems. The life is centered around the big land lord who passes most of his time either in talking or in settling village disputes. There are different cultivators in the village such as a blacksmith, a carpenter, a potter, a barber, a weaver, a physician and a not very qualified teacher.
Recreation is not only joy but need of a man
Life in village is not devoid of its amusements. Although there are no cinemas, clubs and recreational places in villages, set one can enjoy long walks in the open fields, valleys and on the banks of rivers. Very amusing and simple games are played in the village which brings pleasure in the lives of the villagers.
"Happiness is what you make it."
The villagers are very lively people. Their liveliness is represented in their songs and stories. Villagers, although poor are not only hospitable and caring but they also like to share the sorrows.
This is only one side of the picture. Villages have their drawbacks too. The people lack new and modern facilities. There are no proper hospitals and medication centers. Due to the lack of quality education, the illiteracy rate is very high. There are no transportation and communication facilities. But rural life can be reformed. With a little attention villages can become the pride of Pakistan and it is hoped that things will change in the near future.
Fsc Ics essay My Hobby
My Hobby
Hobby or Pastime is an activity which a person performs in his spare or leisure time. It is pursued for relaxation and pleasure and not as a main occupation. They bring a feeling of joy and satisfaction to man. Hobbies help us to pass our free time happily as when man has nothing to do. His mind is like devils one.
"Idle Brain is a devil's workshop."
And hobbies make us bury. They add zest to dull and monotonous life. They stimulate the mind and leave an imprint upon character.-Hobbies enhance creativity and develop our skill, refresh our minds. These are a source of recreation for retired people as well.
Hobbies indicate the versatility of the individual. Great men were well known for their hobbies. Samuel Johnson, the famous eighteenth century suit and lexicographer loved cats. George Lewis studied longevity. Gladstone, the Prime Minister of England after dived into Mathematics. Sir James Jeans was fond of music and Sir Winston Churchill was fond of painting.
Hobby also provides us information and helps us to solve many problems. My hobby is book reading. In my opinion, this is the best hobby. It provides us information, gives us relaxation and helps us in passing our spare time joyfully. A person who adopts this hobby, In fact, does not need any friend because.
"Books are our best friends"
I have this hobby since my childhood, when I was quite young, only about six, seven years old. In start, I was very fond of reading colorful story books and charming poems. I had a great collection of story books.
But with passage of time, I stopped reading those books. Now I read all kinds of books, historical books, Islamic books, books on science and technology, novels and poetic books. Books of poetry have their entertainment value. Books of travel take us to unknown lands, peoples and customs.
"Books enlighten our intellect and broaden our vision."
I have a number of books. Mainly I am interested in literacy books. Urdu literature is the most interesting. Poetry also appeals me especially poetry of Iqbal has its own importance. I am also interested in study of books on latest research work in science and technology as they increase our information.
I like my all books. I like most my hobby because it is not only a source of relaxation but also a source of information. Whenever I am alone or have nothing to do, I take out any look and started reading it and my spare time passes joyfully.
In fact, all hobbies make life charming and add to our happiness. They bring us new friends and make us social. But book reading is a great hobby because.
"Books are of greatest importance in our life.
Fsc Ics Essay Courtesy
Courtesy
Courtesy means to practice good manners, refined habits and polite behavior. Courtesy, infect springs from good breeding, nobleness of mind and the gentile heart. Courtesy works well in all walks of life. To be more precise, to do one's duty in a consummate manner displays courtesy.
A courteous person is always kind, helpful and tolerant towards others. At home parents should be loving and kind to their offspring. The children should be obedient to their elders. An employer should be caring to his employees, while the employees should be sincere and laborious to their employer. One should be helpful and considerate to his neighbors. A citizen should be law abiding and loyal to his country. A teacher should be humble and sympathetic to his students while they should be respectful and obedient to their teachers. Good netiquettes also demand that we offer our seat to an elderly person while traveling on a bus or a train. We should not jump out of a queue or violate a traffic signal.
The Holy Prophet (SAW) is the paragon of courtesy in the Islamic History. It was the charisma of his sublime morals that transformed a barbarous nation into a civilized one. It means that our courteous acts and polite words can produce wonders. If each one of us acts upon some simple norms of morality, we may form a great nation that can stand distinct and successful in the comity of a nation. Someone has very aptly said:
"Goodness begins from courteous hearts”
Monday, 9 May 2016
English part 2 guess 2016
Guess 2nd Year English
--
Short question
The Dying Sun
Q 1,3,4,5,6
Using the Scientific Method
Q 1,3,4,5
Why boys fail in college
Q 1,6,
End of Term
Q 1,2,3,4,5,6
On destroying books
Q1,3,4,,5,6
The man who was a hospital
Q 2,3,4,5,6,7
My financial career
Q 2,4,5
China way to progress
Q 1,2,3,4,5
Hunger and population
Q 1,2,3,4,6,7
The jewel of the world
Q 1,2,3,4
--
Part-2
My first year at harrow
Q 2,3,4,6
Hitch-hiking Across the sahara.
Q 1,2,3,4,8,10
Alexander Fliming
Q 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Louis pastuer
Q 1,2,3,4,5,7
Mustafa Kamal
Q 1,2,3,4,5?6,7,8
--
important Essays
My aim in life.science a boon or bane.
Pollution,pleasure college life,mobile
phone,computer
Corruption,women place in society.
---
Best of Luck for 2nd year Students
--
Short question
The Dying Sun
Q 1,3,4,5,6
Using the Scientific Method
Q 1,3,4,5
Why boys fail in college
Q 1,6,
End of Term
Q 1,2,3,4,5,6
On destroying books
Q1,3,4,,5,6
The man who was a hospital
Q 2,3,4,5,6,7
My financial career
Q 2,4,5
China way to progress
Q 1,2,3,4,5
Hunger and population
Q 1,2,3,4,6,7
The jewel of the world
Q 1,2,3,4
--
Part-2
My first year at harrow
Q 2,3,4,6
Hitch-hiking Across the sahara.
Q 1,2,3,4,8,10
Alexander Fliming
Q 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Louis pastuer
Q 1,2,3,4,5,7
Mustafa Kamal
Q 1,2,3,4,5?6,7,8
--
important Essays
My aim in life.science a boon or bane.
Pollution,pleasure college life,mobile
phone,computer
Corruption,women place in society.
---
Best of Luck for 2nd year Students
Saturday, 2 April 2016
Sunday, 27 March 2016
My House Essay
Home is the place where we are born and live. It is the sweetest place
in the world. When we sense danger elsewhere we find safety in our home.
When there is joy, we share it with other members of our home. Everybody loves home. For this reason are English poet has written:
"Home, home, sweet home, There is no place like home."
My home is situated in the middle of the village. There are six members in our family. They are my father, mother, grand-father, grand-mother, my sister and I. I am the second and the youngest child of my parents. So, being the youngest member, I enjoy love and affection of all. My father is an advocate. My mother is a teacher. She works in the Primary School in our village. My sister is a student. She reads in Women's College. My grand-mother and grand-father love my parents. I am their favorite grandson.
We live in a thatched house. The house indicates the simplicity of our family. It has mud walls. There are four rooms excluding the drawing room and the kitchen.
My parents share the room adjoining the kitchen. My grand-mother and grand-father share the room near the drawing room. Another room is used as the store room. There is a spacious courtyard. We have also a cowshed with two cows and a little calf.
I respect my parents and old grand-parents. I always obey their commands. My mother and grand-mother do not like to part with me for a moment. When I go to school, my grand-mother accompanies me up to the school. She waits for me at the school gate during the last period.
My mother cooks food for us. As she is a teacher, she prepares food in the morning and preserves it properly for lunch. My sister who stays in the college hostel often comes and helps my mother in her work. I sometimes play interesting jokes with my grand-father and grand-mother.
I am very fond of our garden. I water the flower plants at my leisure. When my grand-father goes to the cowshed, I go with him. I often kiss the little calf. When someone of my home falls ill, I take proper care.
My uncle comes to our family every month. He brings sweets for me. Sometimes the friends of my father come and take dinner here. My father is a good host. On my birthday my mother invites other teachers of her school. They all come and share the joy with us.
All the villagers respect my home. They say that ours is an ideal home.
Written By Miss Sumera
"Home, home, sweet home, There is no place like home."
My home is situated in the middle of the village. There are six members in our family. They are my father, mother, grand-father, grand-mother, my sister and I. I am the second and the youngest child of my parents. So, being the youngest member, I enjoy love and affection of all. My father is an advocate. My mother is a teacher. She works in the Primary School in our village. My sister is a student. She reads in Women's College. My grand-mother and grand-father love my parents. I am their favorite grandson.
We live in a thatched house. The house indicates the simplicity of our family. It has mud walls. There are four rooms excluding the drawing room and the kitchen.
My parents share the room adjoining the kitchen. My grand-mother and grand-father share the room near the drawing room. Another room is used as the store room. There is a spacious courtyard. We have also a cowshed with two cows and a little calf.
I respect my parents and old grand-parents. I always obey their commands. My mother and grand-mother do not like to part with me for a moment. When I go to school, my grand-mother accompanies me up to the school. She waits for me at the school gate during the last period.
My mother cooks food for us. As she is a teacher, she prepares food in the morning and preserves it properly for lunch. My sister who stays in the college hostel often comes and helps my mother in her work. I sometimes play interesting jokes with my grand-father and grand-mother.
I am very fond of our garden. I water the flower plants at my leisure. When my grand-father goes to the cowshed, I go with him. I often kiss the little calf. When someone of my home falls ill, I take proper care.
My uncle comes to our family every month. He brings sweets for me. Sometimes the friends of my father come and take dinner here. My father is a good host. On my birthday my mother invites other teachers of her school. They all come and share the joy with us.
All the villagers respect my home. They say that ours is an ideal home.
Written By Miss Sumera
Friday, 19 February 2016
Monday, 25 January 2016
English Essay My Favourite Book
MY FAVOURITE BOOK
Books are really superb source of knowledge and enlightenment. They open
whole world of knowledge to its readers. As it is said that,
“The greater our knowledge increases,
The greater our ignorance unfolds”
So, by reading books our ignorance diminishes. They soothe us in sorrows
and solace us in sadness Books are invaluable assets for humans. They provide
us Favourite Pastime. It is hobby as well. Most of the people are bibliophile.
They prove to be a sincere company on - in solitude and – Seclusion. There
are hundreds of books in this world. But there are a few one who leave enhancing
and soothing effect on our minds and our perplexed souls. Our character building
mainly depends upon the right selection of the books. Therefore, we should be
very cautious about the selection of Books. As good books leave good and
excellent effect on us. In the same way bad books may Muir our character. So, we
should shun bad books from our life. As,
7“Some books are to be tasted, others to be
Swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested”
I have read several book. Though I like many books but my Favourite book
is HOLY QURAN. I am not liked this book only for that reason that it is our
religious books. But I like it because it is a versatile book which include each
and every aspect of life. HOLY QURAN is the last script of Allah Almighty. It
was revealed on our last prophet Hazat Muhammad (S.A.W) approximately
fifteen centuries ago. Since them it remain intact and unharmed. None can alter
or change even a verse of it. Allah Almighty undertook a task of its safety and
security. It is miracle of HOLY QURAN that it can be easily remembered.
Almost Muslims of whole world recite it. I urges the Muslims to ponder over
things and discover new and novel laws of the universe. As,
“ The thirst for knowledge for riches increases
with the acquisition of it”
It consist of thirty chapters, one hundred and fourteen Surrahs and seven
Manzals Surrah Fateha is first surat of Holy Quran. It guides us about each and
every aspect of life. Its teachings are evergreen and eternal. It highlights all
branches of knowledge. It is a complete code of life. As it is said that,
“A book is the only immortality”
It is the ultimate source of knowledge and instruction. An exhaustive
discussion on our religion, politics, ethics, science, philosophy, psychology,
economy and nature is the subject matter of HOLY QURAN. It includes all laws
and ways to solve our problems. The Holy Quran is matchless in its structure,
origin and poetry. Its is a books of grandiose language that can never be
composed by a human being. As Holy Quran says.
“If you have a power bring just one verse like it”
The Holy Quran gives us a message of piety, honesty and truthfulness. It
contains mere truths and realities. It guides us a right path and advise us to follow
those people who were leading a right path. It provides concrete foundation for
cultured and civilised society. It ends discrimination on the basis of race, colour
and nation. The honoured and successful are those who are virtuous. All are
offspring of Adam. All are equal. No one is superior to other. Their honesty,
business and morality is the subject matter of Holy Quran.
“Laws die, books never”
I daily recite Holy Quran early in the morning. I revised my life altogether.
it purifies our my life and spiritualists my soul. It has a tremendous effect on me.
I realised all of my vices and wicked deeds in my dealing. I also do penance.
May Allah take pity on me and May. He grant me a power to fight against sins.
PrePared By
Sir Waqar (Msc Chemistry)
Sun rise Model High School
Books are really superb source of knowledge and enlightenment. They open
whole world of knowledge to its readers. As it is said that,
“The greater our knowledge increases,
The greater our ignorance unfolds”
So, by reading books our ignorance diminishes. They soothe us in sorrows
and solace us in sadness Books are invaluable assets for humans. They provide
us Favourite Pastime. It is hobby as well. Most of the people are bibliophile.
They prove to be a sincere company on - in solitude and – Seclusion. There
are hundreds of books in this world. But there are a few one who leave enhancing
and soothing effect on our minds and our perplexed souls. Our character building
mainly depends upon the right selection of the books. Therefore, we should be
very cautious about the selection of Books. As good books leave good and
excellent effect on us. In the same way bad books may Muir our character. So, we
should shun bad books from our life. As,
7“Some books are to be tasted, others to be
Swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested”
I have read several book. Though I like many books but my Favourite book
is HOLY QURAN. I am not liked this book only for that reason that it is our
religious books. But I like it because it is a versatile book which include each
and every aspect of life. HOLY QURAN is the last script of Allah Almighty. It
was revealed on our last prophet Hazat Muhammad (S.A.W) approximately
fifteen centuries ago. Since them it remain intact and unharmed. None can alter
or change even a verse of it. Allah Almighty undertook a task of its safety and
security. It is miracle of HOLY QURAN that it can be easily remembered.
Almost Muslims of whole world recite it. I urges the Muslims to ponder over
things and discover new and novel laws of the universe. As,
“ The thirst for knowledge for riches increases
with the acquisition of it”
It consist of thirty chapters, one hundred and fourteen Surrahs and seven
Manzals Surrah Fateha is first surat of Holy Quran. It guides us about each and
every aspect of life. Its teachings are evergreen and eternal. It highlights all
branches of knowledge. It is a complete code of life. As it is said that,
“A book is the only immortality”
It is the ultimate source of knowledge and instruction. An exhaustive
discussion on our religion, politics, ethics, science, philosophy, psychology,
economy and nature is the subject matter of HOLY QURAN. It includes all laws
and ways to solve our problems. The Holy Quran is matchless in its structure,
origin and poetry. Its is a books of grandiose language that can never be
composed by a human being. As Holy Quran says.
“If you have a power bring just one verse like it”
The Holy Quran gives us a message of piety, honesty and truthfulness. It
contains mere truths and realities. It guides us a right path and advise us to follow
those people who were leading a right path. It provides concrete foundation for
cultured and civilised society. It ends discrimination on the basis of race, colour
and nation. The honoured and successful are those who are virtuous. All are
offspring of Adam. All are equal. No one is superior to other. Their honesty,
business and morality is the subject matter of Holy Quran.
“Laws die, books never”
I daily recite Holy Quran early in the morning. I revised my life altogether.
it purifies our my life and spiritualists my soul. It has a tremendous effect on me.
I realised all of my vices and wicked deeds in my dealing. I also do penance.
May Allah take pity on me and May. He grant me a power to fight against sins.
PrePared By
Sir Waqar (Msc Chemistry)
Sun rise Model High School
English Important Essay 2nd year 2016
1: My hobby
2:My aim In Life
3: My first day at College
4: Un employment
5: Science and our life
6:Visit To historical place
7:technical education
8 My hero
9Pollution
10 terrorism
11womens education
12 internet
13 Co education
14 Mobile Phones
15 Road accident
2:My aim In Life
3: My first day at College
4: Un employment
5: Science and our life
6:Visit To historical place
7:technical education
8 My hero
9Pollution
10 terrorism
11womens education
12 internet
13 Co education
14 Mobile Phones
15 Road accident
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